The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance Free Essays

THE ROLE OF DELIBERATE PRACTICE IN THE ACQUISITION OF EXPERT PERFORMANCE Motivational Constraint A reason of our hypothetical system is that intentional practice isn't inalienably agreeable and that people are persuaded to participate in it by its instrumental incentive in improving execution. Consequently, intrigued people should be participating in the movement and spurred to improve execution before they start conscious practice. Blossom (1985b) discovered proof supporting this suggestion. We will compose a custom article test on The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now His meetings with worldwide level entertainers demonstrated that guardians regularly started conscious practice in the wake of permitting their kids a while of perky commitment in the space and in the wake of seeing that their youngsters communicated intrigue and gave indications of guarantee. The social responses of guardians and others in the quick condition must be significant in building up this unique inspiration. Toward the beginning of conscious practice, guardians help their youngster keep a standard every day practice timetable and point out the instrumental estimation of training for improved execution (Bloom, 1985b). With expanded understanding and the guide of educators and mentors, the creating individual can disguise techniques for evaluating improvement and can therefore simultaneously screen the impacts of training. As people get increasingly associated with the exercises of a space, rivalries and open exhibitions give momentary objectives to explicit upgrades. Now the inspiration to rehearse turns out to be so firmly associated with the objective of turning into a specialist entertainer thus incorporated with the individual’s day by day life that inspiration to rehearse, fundamentally, can't be handily evaluated. Certain normally happening occasions and changes light up the connection among training and execution. Exercises in numerous areas, particularly sports, are occasional in light of the fact that most booked rivalries happen during a solitary period of the year. In the event that people delighted in purposeful practice, they should rehearse at a consistently significant level all year. Rather, competitors train a lot harder during the preseason time frame and during the season itself; during the slow time of year they frequently decrease the degree of preparing drastically (Reilly, 1990a; Reilly ; Secher, 1990). Numerous people who have polished for an extensive stretch of time surrender their desires to contend and exceed expectations in a movement. Without the objective of improving execution, the inspiration to take part by and by disappears. Kaminski, Mayer, and Ruoff (1984) found that numerous world class teenagers who chose to quit contending stayed dynamic in the space however for all intents and purposes quit participating practically speaking. A few people have needed to end their expert professions for reasons random to their capacity to perform. In a longitudinal investigation of visual specialists, Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi (1976) found that most craftsmen were attracted to painting since it permitted social detachment. Be that as it may, hopeful painters need to advance social relations with craftsmanship vendors, workmanship pundits, and purchasers to pick up reputation, increment the interest for their specialty, and create adequate deals for full-time masterful movement. Inability to do so constrained a significant number of the best craftsmen to accept another position irrelevant to painting. When these specialists could no longer submit adequate time and vitality to keep up and improve their exhibition they quit painting totally in light of the fact that they couldn't acknowledge performing at a lower level. This discovering shows that the movement of painting as such isn't inalienably spurring but instead the demonstration of delivering workmanship that fulfills the artists’ abstract standards for quality. Move Abstracts 1. Fink, A. Woschnjak, S. (2011). Inventiveness and character in proficient artists. Character and Individual Differences, 51 (6), 754-758. Unique In this examination three distinct gatherings of expert artists (artful dance, present day/contemporary and jazz/melodic), which significantly shift as for the imagination related requests engaged with the separate moving style, are contrasted with deference with psychometrically decided inventiveness, general mental capacity and various aspects of character. Results demonstrate that advanced/contemporary artists, who are frequently required to openly ad lib in front of an audience, displayed generally significant levels of verbal and figural imagination (as it was estimated by methods for psychometric innovativeness tests), trailed by jazz/melodic lastly by ballet artists. Concerning character, present day/contemporary artists can be described as being less reliable, higher on psychoticism and more open to encounters than the staying exploratory gatherings. In accordance with significant research in this field, this examination uncovers some focal character attributes of profoundly innovative people which might be considered as significant fixings in the procurement or realization of remarkable inventive potential. Features: Dancers of various callings contrast as for imagination and character. Present day artists score high on receptiveness and psychoticism. Current artists show significant levels of psychometrically decided innovativeness. Watchwords: Creativity, Personality, Psychoticism, Openness, Dance 2. Martyn-Stevens, B. E. , Brown, L. E. , Beam, W. C. Wiersma, L. D. (2012). Impacts of a move season on the physiological profile of university female current artists. Drug Sport, 16 (1), 1-5. Conceptual Introduction: A university present day artis t is a novel competitor on the grounds that notwithstanding the physical requests of move, she likewise has the aesthetic requests of making and performing for a period of grandstands, or at times, various features. In planning for her move season notwithstanding her scholastic calendar, a university present day dancer’s preparing incorporates thorough every day procedure classes and practices which may adjust her wellness level across time. Objective: To decide the impacts of a move season on the physiological profile of university female present day artists. Strategies: Eighteen university female current artists were estimated for relative anaerobic force, weariness file, chest area and lower body quality, oxygen consuming limit and body organization at both pre and post move season. Results: At post season, there were huge enhancements in relative anaerobic force (pre 7. 43 + 1. 01 W/kg, post 8. 00 + 0. 78 W/kg), body weight (pre 57. 80 + 5. 10, post 58. 72 + 5. 08), and body piece (pre 18. 60 + 2. 03%, post 17. 78 + 2. 49%), and a noteworthy increment in exhaustion list (pre 33. 38 + 9. 72%, post 38. 91 + 7. 49%). There were no huge changes in relative upper and lower body quality or high-impact limit. Determinations: The requests of a university move season brought about improved force and lean mass yet more noteworthy anaerobic weariness in these female present day artists The most effective method to refer to The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance, Papers

Comparative Public Administration Essay

Near Public Administration: Historical and sociological variables influencing managerial frameworks; Administration and legislative issues in various nations; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology and organization; Riggsian models and their scrutinize. ________________________________________________________________________ Snap on ‘ JOIN THIS SITE ‘ to get moment reports on new posts on this blog. And furthermore for’ INTERACTIONS AND DISCUSSIONS’ with respect to this blog’s posts ‘JOIN ITS FACEBOOK COMMUNITY/GROUP’ that is referenced on the correct hand side of this page. ________________________________________________________________________ Similar PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION †DEFINITION: Similar open organization is characterized as the investigation of managerial frameworks in a near manner or the investigation of open organization in other countries.Another definition for â€Å"comparative open administration† is the â€Å"quest for examples and regularities in authoritative activity and behavior†. It hopes to test the adequacy of the Classical Theorists’ (Fayol,Taylor,Urwick,etc) Principles of Administration viability on a widespread level(different political and managerial arrangements in creating and created nations and their biology) just as build up a similar hypothesis of Public Administration. It is a noteworthy zone of study in Public Administration as it helps in understanding Administrative arrangements and their working in different settings and social orders/nations and what works and why it works. Also,it ad libs managerial frameworks making them increasingly proficient along with aiding in including and extemporizing the previously existing writing/hypotheses of Public Administration in this manner prompting a solid and down to earth hypothesis of the subject with the assistance of reasonable investigations and examination. Similar PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION EVOLUTION †A BACKDROP: Despite the fact that similar examinations in organization go back to Aristotlian times where he sent researchers to various pieces of world to contemplate their political systems,Comparative Public Administration began as a subject of intrigue post the Wilson(called the first comparativist) paper in 1884â where he properly expressed that so as to know our own country’s regulatory shortcomings and ethics we have to contrast and others. And,he expressed that organization is the best and most safe possibility of relative investigations as managerial methods and systems are comparative all over the place and in truth we can get familiar with a great deal by looking at. However,it was not paid attention to so because of the accentuation on conceptualizing and organizing just as characterizing Public Administration around then was the top need. The scholars and overseers just as governments were occupied with understanding their own regulatory arrangement before they could set off on a correlation with others. Along these lines, while this was being pondered the First World War ejected and with its end and the foundation of the League Of Nations there came about a ton of inquiries in regards to the need to comprehend the necessities of the nations who were not all that created in light of the fact that a large number of them went under the British expansionism just as other settler nations so as to control these and draw most extreme advantage. This similar examination took a philosophical turn over the span of the subsequent universal war and its fallout when there came the finish of government and imperialism and rise of numerous free expresses, a joint activity by the created nations under the United Nations(formerly called ‘The League Of Nations’) aegis to revamp the building up an underdeveloped nations just as to build up their own war harmed national economies. Also, lets not overlook the start of Cold War between the two superpowers USA and Soviet Union which had a major impact in this development where both looked to hegemonise the world legislative issues and economy. USA started to lead the pack here in regulatory examinations and furthermore in giving money related just as specialized assistance to the creating countries so as to expand their piece of the pie and furthermore to control socialism that was a result of the Soviet Union. The USA was the center point of these examinations since the Western nations did not have the institutional and regulatory abilities to execute their developmentâ plans post world war 2.the government,United Nations and different private establishments just as corporates supported changed specialized help programs that empowered the open administrators,lecturers of open organization and experts to consider the equivalent inside and out just as movement abroad and accumulate hands on understanding and manufacture a widespread near hypothesis of Public Administration. Remarkable in these endeavors were that of the American Society For Public Administration(ASPA) and American Political Science Association( APSA). The principal association officially framed to figure an all inclusive relative hypothesis of open organization was the Comparative Administration Group(CAG) in 1960 that was a division of the ASPA , subsidized by the Ford establishment to read strategies for improving open organization in creating nations under the chairmanship of Fred W. Riggs. More than giving regulatory strategies this gathering turned into a discussion for intelligent people to comprehend why the creating nations contrast such a great amount by and by of organization and can't continue the old style hypothesis standards of organization in their frameworks despite the fact that Classical scholars of organization like Fayol and Weber , and so forth lectured that their standards and models of organization were general in their component and can be applied anyplace with most noteworthy achievement. CAG gave the possibility of logical examinations and underscored on observational and ecological(social,cultural and recorded components) investigation of different regulatory frameworks. Despite the fact that the CAG needed to close shop in the mid 70’s since different executives and academicians understood that because of the exceptionally perplexing setting which the gathering had accommodated relative Public Administration examines was bringing about disappointments in giving extremely exact evaluation of organization factors in a general public. They expressed that it gave an awesome bearing yet the methods were not being determined to execute the thought. Thus the examinations was moved back to the Department of Comparative Studies. Likewise in 1968, the first Minnowbrook Conference was held under the chairmanship of Dwight Waldo that additionally discussed the requirement for Comparative Open Administration study and examination. Presently we will examine in detail. Ways to deal with THE STUDY OF COMPARATIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: 1) Ideal or Bureaucratic Approach: Bureaucratic particulars are read for arriving at resolutions and creating understanding. Under this methodology structures of associations are broke down as far as their flat differentiation,vertical differentiation,span of control,etc. Techniques and rules are broke down and the system of working is resolved. Employment particulars and portrayals at different hubs are investigated and some comprehension is reached based on intricacy and level of specialization contrasted in respects with various regulatory frameworks. The restrictions of this methodology is that however it has been viewed as basic yet it doesn't clarify the structures and their capacities in the public eye and gives an exceptionally broad perception. 2) Structural †Functional Approach : It is considered as a mainstream approach for contrasting different authoritative frameworks and was actualized by Fred W. Riggs in his examination for building up his Models of society/condition/nature which will be talked about later in this article. This methodology examinations society as far as its different structures and their capacities for arriving at a comprehension in regards to their situating and working. Structures here can allude to govt.(political course of action) and conceptual like qualities frameworks in the public arena. Capacity is viewed as the release of obligations by these structures in the general public. The confinement of this methodology is that there must be a right ID of the structures before continuing to break down them particularly in agraria-transitia and melded kaleidoscopic social orders. 3) Ecological Approach: Devised by Riggs this methodology expresses that structures and their capacities exist in a bury dependant way. So if an investigation is to be embraced of a specific structure and its capacity then its consequences for different frameworks and their elements of society are likewise to be examined. Constraints is that this methodology is profoundly perplexing and hard to apply. Recorded AND SOCIOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEMS: If one notification cautiously then it is plainly apparent that authentic occasions have prompted the development of numerous managerial practices. In spite of the fact that there are aplenty,however,some models are refered to underneath. 1) English Administrative framework: England doesn't have a composed constitution for the most part since it was a government winning there and the individuals lived there through shows and customs going on from days of yore. 2) Indian Administrative framework: Reservations are made as Indian culture is various in issues of social just as financial status,etc after a great deal of authentic occasions like B.R aAmbedkar and his approaches just as the British division of Hindu and Muslims and different minorities in isolated electorate system,etc. There are different social laws in India that are produced using society like panchayats,etc. Ancestral government assistance is given uncommon consideration in India because of presence of tribals in the general public. Numerous offices(bureaucratic,political,economical,etc) are remainders of British heritage like the workplace of the collector,police dept,civil services,etc. Income organization here is an advanced adaptation propelled by histori

M?n?g?m?nt Theory of Fr?d?ri?k H?rzb?rg

M?n?g?m?nt Theory of Fr?d?ri?k H?rzb?rg Fr?d?ri?k Herzberg (1923-2000), w?? a ?lini??l ????h?l?gi?t and pioneer ?f the job ?nri?hm?nt m?n?g?m?nt ??n???t. H? i? r?g?rd?d ?? one of th? great ?rigin?l think?r? in m?n?g?m?nt and m?tiv?ti?n?l theory.M?tiv?ti?n i? a ??w?rful, yet tricky b???t.S?m?tim?? it is r??ll? ???? t? g?t motivated, ?nd you find yourself wrapped u? in a whirlwind of ?x?it?m?nt.Oth?r tim??, it i? nearly impossible to figure out h?w t? motivate yourself ?nd ??ur? tr????d in a death ??ir?l of procrastination.M?tiv?ti?n i? literally th? d??ir? to d? thing?. Its the diff?r?n?? b?tw??n w?king up before dawn to ??unding the ??v?m?nt ?nd l?zing around th? house all d??.It? the ?ru?i?l ?l?m?nt in ??tting ?nd ?tt?ining g??l?â€"?nd research ?h?w? ??u ??n influ?n?? your own l?v?l? of m?tiv?ti?n and ??lf-??ntr?l.In 1959, H?rzb?rg ??ndu?t?d a ?tud? with 200 ?ngin??r? and ????unt?nt? ?? th? ?ubj??t?. Th?? w?r? asked t? recollect th?ir ?x??ri?n??? and f??ling? (positive ?r n?g?tiv?) th?? had at work, and th? r????n? b?hind th? w?? they f?lt.Based ?n the ?ubj??tiv? data from the r????nd?nt?, H?rzb?rg b?g?n to ?n?l?z? their j?b attitudes. Fr?m th? ?tud?, he proposed a tw?-f??t?r ???r???h wh?n attempting t? und?r?t?nd m?tiv?ti?n ?m?ng ?m?l?????.This g?v? birth t? th? Tw? Factor Th??r?, also known ??, Herzbergs M?tiv?ti?n Th??r?.Frederick Herzberg (1923 2000) w?? a US ?lini??l ????h?l?gi?t who l?t?r b???m? Professor ?f M?n?g?m?nt ?t th? Univ?r?it? of Ut?h.Hi? ?v?rriding int?r??t in m?nt?l h??lth ?t?mm?d from his belief that mental h??lth is th? core i??u? ?f ?ur tim??. This was ?r?m?t?d by hi? ???ting t? th? Dachau concentration ??m? ?ft?r its lib?r?ti?n. On his r?turn t? Am?ri??, he worked for th? US Public Health S?rvi??.H? i? b??t kn?w f?r hi? hygiene-motivation theory, whi?h was fir?t ?ubli?h?d in Th? m?tiv?ti?n t? w?rk in 1959. H?rzb?rg? w?rk focused ?n th? individual in th? workplace, but it has b??n ???ul?r with m?n?g?r? ?? it ?l?? emphasised th? im??rt?n?? ?f m?n?g?m?nt kn?wl?dg? ?nd ?x??rti??.H ?RZB?RG? M?IN TH??R? AND ITS ?IGNIFI??N??Herzberg was th? fir?t to ?h?w that ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd di???ti?f??ti?n at w?rk nearly always ?r??? from different factors, ?nd w?r? not simply opposing reactions to th? ??m? factors, ?? h?d always previously b??n b?li?v?d.Th?? ??ndu?t?d a ??ri?? of inter ¬views with 200 ?ngin??r? ?nd ????unt?nt? f??u?ing ?n f??t?r? ??n?id?r?d to be important ?? ??ur??? ?f motivation.E??h engineer was ??k?d two questions:Can ??u d???rib?, in detail, wh?n ??u felt ?x???ti?n?ll? b?d ?b?ut th? j?b?C?n ??u d???rib?, in d?t?il, wh?n you felt ?x???ti?n?ll? good about th? j?b?Fr?m th? r??li?? r???iv?d Herzberg di???v?r?d one ??t ?f factors that produce j?b ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd motivation ?nd ?n?th?r set ?f f??t?r? that l??d t? j?b di???ti?f??ti?n.Although ‘l?w ???’ might w?ll b? described as ??u?ing dissatisfaction, ‘high pay’ w?uld n?t necessarily be t?k?n as a ??u?? of satisfaction. In?t??d, diff?r?nt f??t?r?, ?u?h as recognition or ????m?li?hm?nt, were cited ?? ??ti?f?ing.This finding l?d H?rzb?rg t? arrive ?t the ??n?lu?i?n that th? traditional model of j?b ??ti?f??ti?n w?? incomplete. The tr?diti?n?l vi?w h?ld? that ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd dissatisfaction ?r? at ?????it? ?nd? ?f a ?ingl? ??ntinuum.But H?rzb?rg’? int?rvi?w? had identified tw? different ??t of factors: ?n? r?nging fr?m ??ti?f?? ¬ti?n to no satisfaction ?nd th? ?th?r r?nging fr?m di? ¬??ti?f??ti?n t? n? di???ti?-f??ti?n.Th? f??t?r? influ?n?ing the satisfaction ??ntinuum ?r? ??ll?d m?tiv?ti?n f??t?r? and th?? are r?l?t?d ????ifi ¬??ll? t? the w?rk ??nt?nt. Th? ?th?r ??t ?f f??t?r? (th? one causing di???ti?f??ti?n) H?rzb?g called h?gi?ni? factors; they are related t? th? work ??nt?xt, i.?., w?rk environment.Motivating f??t?r? h?v? uplifting effects on attitude ?r ??rf?rm?n??. H?gi?ni? (?r m?int?n?n??) f??t?r? ?r?v?nt l??? ?f m?r?l? ?r ?ff??tiv?n???.Alth?ugh th?? ??nn?t b? th?m??lv?? motivate human b?ing?, th?? ??n f?r??t?ll ?n? serious dissatisfaction or drop in ?r?du?tivit?. H?rz b?rg th?n argues th?t th?r? ?r? tw? ?t?g?? in th? process ?f motivating ?m?l?????.Fir?t, the manager must ?n?ur? th?t th? hygiene factors ?r? ?d??u?t?. Th?t is, ??? and security mu?t b? ???r??ri?t?, working conditions mu?t be ??f?, t??hni??l ?u??rvi?i?n must b? ?????t?bl?, and th? lik?.By ?r?viding these factors ?t an ???r??ri?t? level, the manager does n?t ?timul?t? m?tiv?ti?n but merely ?n?ur?? th?t ?m?l???r become ‘n?t di???ti?fi?d’. Employees whom m?n?g?r? ?tt?m?t t? ‘??ti?f?’ vi? h?gi?ni? factors ?l?n? will ?ut th? minimum effort t? avoid job l???.M?n?g?r? ?h?uld th?n ?r????d to the next stage- th?? should giv? ?m?l????? th? ????rtunit? t? ?x??ri?n?? motivation f??t?r? ?u?h as ??hi?v?m?nt ?nd recognition.Th? r??ult i? ?r?di?t?d t? b? a high l?v?l of ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd m?tiv?ti?n.H?rzb?rg ?l?? goes one ?t?? ?h??d of ?th?r? to d???rib? exactly, h?w t? u?? the tw?-f??t?r theory. S???ifi??ll?, h? r???mm?nd? j?b enrichment.H? ?rgu?? that j?b? ?h?uld be redesigned to ?r?vid? hi gh?r levels ?f th? m?tiv?ti?n f??t?r?.The im?li??ti?n i? th?t today’s employees ?x???t to b? tr??t?d f?irl? b? th?ir m?n?g?r? ?? ?? t? m?int?in th?ir individual rights.Th?? ?x???t decent working conditions ?nd w?g? ?nd salaries ??m??r?bl? t? th?t ?f ????l? doing ?imil?r j?b in other organisations. Th?? ?x???t company policies to b? ??n?i?t?ntl? and equitably applied to ?ll ?m?l?????.If th??? expectations ?r? n?t r??li??d, employees ?r? de-motivated (or n?g?tiv?l? m?tiv?t?d).Thi? condition i? u?u?ll? r?fl??t?d in inefficiency ?nd a high turn?v?r r?t? (i.?., frequent resignation).But fulfilling th??? ?x???t?ti?n? does n?t n??????ril? m?tiv?t? ?m?l?????.As M??l?w’? theory maintains, it i? ?nl? wh?n the lower-level needs are ??ti?fi?d th?t the high?r-l?v?l n??d? ??n b? m??t ?ff??tiv?l? u??d in m?tiv?ting ????l?.The k?? is for th? manager t? t?? th? motivating factors. Th? tw? sets ?f factors li?t?d may n?w be illu?tr?t?d.Ex?m?l?? of H?rzb?rg? h?gi?n? n??d? (or m?int?n?n?? f??t?r?) i n th? w?rk?l??? are:Pay The pay or salary ?tru?tur? should b? ???r??ri?t? ?nd r????n?bl?. It must b? equal ?nd ??m??titiv? t? those in the ??m? indu?tr? in th? same d?m?in.C?m??n? P?li?i?? ?nd ?dmini?tr?tiv? policies Th? ??m??n? ??li?i?? ?h?uld n?t b? t?? rigid. Th?? should b? f?ir ?nd clear. It ?h?uld include flexible working h?ur?, dr??? code, breaks, v???ti?n, ?t?.Fringe b?n?fit? Th? employees ?h?uld b? ?ff?r?d h??lth ??r? ?l?n? (mediclaim), benefits for the f?mil? m?mb?r?, ?m?l???? h?l? programmes, ?t?.Ph??i??l W?rking ??nditi?n? Th? w?rking conditions should b? ??f?, clean ?nd h?gi?ni?. The w?rk equipments ?h?uld b? updated and w?ll-m?int?in?d.St?tu? The ?m?l?????’ ?t?tu? within the ?rg?niz?ti?n should b? f?mili?r and retained.Interpersonal r?l?ti?n? Th? r?l?ti?n?hi? ?f th? employees with hi? ???r?, superiors ?nd ?ub?rdin?t?? ?h?uld b? ???r??ri?t? ?nd ?????t?bl?. Th?r? should b? n? ??nfli?t or humiliation element present.Job S??urit? Th? ?rg?niz?ti?n must ?r?vid? job ? ??urit? to th? ?m?l?????.H?rzb?rg? r????r?h identified that tru? m?tiv?t?r? w?r? ?th?r ??m?l?t?l? diff?r?nt factors, n?t?bl?:Recognition The ?m?l????? ?h?uld b? ?r?i??d and r???gniz?d for th?ir ????m?li?hm?nt? b? the managers.Sense of ??hi?v?m?nt The ?m?l????? mu?t have a ??n?? ?f achievement. Thi? d???nd? ?n th? job. Th?r? mu?t b? a fruit ?f some ??rt in th? job.Growth ?nd ?r?m?ti?n?l opportunities Th?r? mu?t be growth ?nd ?dv?n??m?nt ????rtuniti?? in an organization t? m?tiv?t? th? ?m?l????? t? ??rf?rm w?ll.Responsibility The employees mu?t hold themselves responsible f?r the work. Th? m?n?g?r? ?h?uld giv? them ?wn?r?hi? ?f the w?rk. Th?? should minimize ??ntr?l but r?t?in ????unt?bilit?.M??ningfuln??? of th? w?rk Th? w?rk it??lf ?h?uld b? m??ningful, int?r??ting and ?h?ll?nging for th? ?m?l???? to perform and t? get m?tiv?t?d.FACTORS F?R S?TI?F??TI?N â€" M?TIV?TI?N?LM?tiv?t?r f??t?r? emerge fr?m th? n??d ?f ?n individual t? ??hi?v? personal growth. J?b satisfaction results f rom th? presence ?f m?tiv?t?r factors.Moreover, ?ff??tiv? motivator f??t?r? do n?t ?nl? l??d to j?b ??ti?f??ti?n, but ?l?? t? b?tt?r ??rf?rm?n?? ?t work. The m?tiv?t?r factors are:Challenging ?r ?timul?ting w?rkStatusOpportunity f?r ?dv?n??m?ntR????n?ibilit?S?n?? of personal gr?wth/j?b achievementA??uiring recognitionM?tiv?ti?n?l f??t?r? ?r? th??? th?t d??l with th? metric ?f ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd ?r? th??? f??t?r? that positively ??t f?r and ensures satisfaction ?r motivation ?v?r a stretch ?f tim?.These f??t?r? d? n?t deal with the m?tri? of di???ti?f??ti?n. The motivational f??t?r? ?r? those whi?h ?ll?w for in?r????d ??rf?rm?n?? of the ?m?l?????. Th??? f??t?r? ?r? more intrinsic in n?tur? whil? th? h?gi?n? factors ?r? more ?r l??? ?xtrin?i?.H? laid ?ut 6 im??rt?nt f??t?r? ?? m?tiv?ti?n?l f??t?r? ?nd in th?ir ?rd?r ?f im??rt?n??, th?? ?r? Achievements, Recognition, the Nature ?f th? w?rk, R????n?ibilit?, Advancement ?nd Gr?wth.An ?m?l???? if h? i? r???gniz?d b? let’s say employee ?f the ???r for the h?rd w?rk h? has put in, th?n that ?m?l???? him??lf will b? satisfied ?nd will be m?tiv?t?d.There ?r? num?r?u? f??t?r? whi?h can m?tiv?t? ?m?l????? ?? id?ntifi?d in thi? th??r?.Th? f??t?r? commonly ?b??rv?d that ???itiv?l? influence satisfaction called M?tiv?t?r? in?lud? w?rk n?tur?, r???gniti?n t? ?n?’? ??hi?v?m?nt, ?dv?n??m?nt opportunities, r????n?ibilit?, ??n?? ?f importance, ?nd inclusion in d??i?i?n-m?king process.F??T?R? F?R DISSATISFACTION â€" HYGIENEHygiene f??t?r? are th??? th?t n??d t? be ?ddr????d by a bu?in??? in such a way th?t they w?uld n?t r??ult t? th? ?m?l????’? un?l????nt ?x??ri?n??? and f??ling? ?t w?rk.Th? ??ti?f??ti?n ?f hygiene factors motivates ?m?l????? in their work. Th? h?gi?n? f??t?r? are:Wages, ??l?ri?? ?nd ?th?r financial r?mun?r?ti?nC?m??n? ??li?? and administrationQu?lit? ?f int?r??r??n?l r?l?ti?n?W?rking ??nditi?n?Feelings of job ???urit?Qu?lit? ?f supervisionHygiene factors referred t? those job f??t?r? th?t d??? n?t ???itiv?l? ?n?ur? satisfaction ?r motivation ?v?r a ?tr?t?h ?f tim?, but ?r? th??? f??t?r? wh?n ?b??nt causes di???ti?f??ti?n ?nd lowering ?f m?r?l?.These f??t?r? ?r? n?t ???itiv? actors ?ll?wing for increased motivation but are positive reasons wh? ?n employee should n?t b? di???ti?fi?d with hi? job. Th??? factors ?r? ?l?? known ?? Di???ti?fi?r? or Maintenance F??t?r? because ?f th? f??t that it dealt with th? metric ?f di???ti?f??ti?n.H? l?id d?wn six im??rt?nt hygiene f??t?r in t?rm? ?f it? im??rt?n?? ?? C?m??n? P?li??, Su??rvi?i?n, Relationship with the B???, Work C?nditi?n?, Salary ?nd R?l?ti?n?hi? with ???r?.For in?t?n??, if the bu?in??? h?d a very rigid ?nd un????mm?d?ting ??m??n? ??li?? it meant di???ti?f??ti?n wh?r??? a company policy fl?xibl? enough t? giv? br??thing space did n?t ??u?? di???ti?f??ti?n.Simil?rl?, ???ur? work ??nditi?n? meant no di???ti?f??ti?n and d?ng?r?u? and un??f? ?n?? m??nt di???ti?f??ti?n.Th?r? ?r? ????r?ntl? more r????n? ??u?ing di???ti?f??ti?n th?n ??ti?f??t i?n.F??t?r? ??mm?nl? observed th?t cause di???ti?f??ti?n ?? ??r the th??r? ?nd ?r? called Hygiene include unf?ir ??m??n? ??li?i??, r?l?ti?n?hi? with ?u??rvi??r, mi?r? management, ??m??n??ti?n, working ??nditi?n?, ???r ??t, j?b ???urit?, ?t?tu? etc. B?th f??t?r? ?r? independent ?f ???h otherIt ?h?uld b? n?t?d that ?? ??r th? tw?-f??t?r th??r?, ?b?v? ?t?t?d factors ?f ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd dissatisfaction ??t ind???nd?ntl? ?nd ?b??n?? ?f one d??? n?t lead t? th? ?r???n?? ?f ?n?th?r.For instance, the absence ?f r????n?ibilit? d??? n?t l??d to dissatisfaction; it i? just n?t a ?t?t? ?f ??ti?f??ti?n. And th? ?b??n?? ?f unf?ir company policies d??? n?t l??d t? ??ti?f??ti?n, it i? simply n?t b?ing di???ti?fi?d.C?mbin?ti?n? ?f M?tiv?t?r? and H?gi?n? factorsSimple combinations ?f M?tiv?t?r? ?nd H?gi?n? factors ??n produce a useful m?trix gauging motivation ?f ?n employee and ?ub???u?ntl? success f?r a firm.F?ll?wing is the ??t of th??? ????ibl? ??mbin?ti?n?:High Motivation ?nd High H?gi?n?: A? so unds, it i? ?n id?lli? ??mbin?ti?n, ?nd ?v?r??n? would want t? achieve this. From ?n organization ??r????tiv?, it r??ult? in high motivation and l?w complaints ?m?ng?t ?m?l?????.High M?tiv?ti?n ?nd L?w Hygiene: Employees ?r? significantly m?tiv?t?d but ?till pose num?r?u? complaints. F?r in?t?n??, consider a job whi?h i? ?h?ll?nging ?nd r?w?rding but policies ?nd work ??nditi?n? are n?t well ?????t?d.L?w M?tiv?ti?n and High Hygiene: In ?u?h ?itu?ti?n?, employees ?r? happy doing th?ir j?b, ??rning ??l?ri?? ?t th? end ?f the day but lack th? d??ir? t? t?k? initiatives ?nd m?rk a diff?r?n?? f?r th?ir ?rg?niz?ti?n. Th? job i? synonymous to a ??? check.L?w M?tiv?ti?n ?nd L?w Hygiene: W?r?t ???iti?n t? be in f?r any organization. This can b? ??m??r?d t? a sight ?f failing ?rg?niz?ti?n r?du?ing it? ?r???n?? ?nd ???r?ti?n?, while ?v?r? employee i? l??king out f?r ?r??ti??ll? no in??ntiv? t? w?rk.To ?umm?riz? the Tw?-f??t?r th??r?;Intrinsic ?r satisfiers (m?tiv?ti?n?l) f??t?r?, ?u?h as advan cement, r???gniti?n, responsibility, and achievement seem t? b? related t? j?b satisfaction.Dissatisfied r????nd?nt? t?nd?d t? ?it? extrinsic ?r h?gi?n? (m?int?n?n??) factors, ?u?h as ?u??rvi?i?n, ???, ??m??n? policies, ?nd w?rking conditions.The opposite ?f ??ti?f??ti?n i? n?t di???ti?f??ti?n.Removing dissatisfying ?h?r??t?ri?ti?? fr?m a j?b d??? n?t necessarily m?k? th? job ??ti?f?ing.Job ??ti?f??ti?n f??t?r? ?r? separate ?nd distinct from job di???ti?f??ti?n factors. M?n?g?r? wh? ?limin?t? job dissatisfaction f??t?r? may n?t n??????ril? bring about m?tiv?ti?n.When hygiene f??t?r? ?r? adequate, ????l? will n?t b? di???ti?fi?d; n?ith?r will th?? b? ??ti?fi?d. T? m?tiv?t? ????l?, ?m?h??iz? f??t?r? intrin?i??ll? r?w?rding that are ?????i?t?d with th? work itself ?r to outcomes dir??tl? d?riv?d fr?m it.LIMIT?TI?N? ?F HERZBERG’S TH??R? ?R? QUITE ??RI?U?S?m? of th? major limit?ti?n? ?f this theory ?r?:Thi? theory i? based ?n a ?m?ll ??m?l?. It i? risky and unwi?? t? d?riv? g?n?r?liz?t i?n? fr?m the conclusions ?f a limit?d r????r?h project.Th? research sample, which i? the basis ?f thi? th??r?; i? t?k?n from a ri?h ??untr?; whi?h i? n?t r??r???nt?tiv? ?f behaviour ?f people in ?ll countries. F?r example, m?n?? which is not a m?tiv?t?r in ri?h ??untri??; is a v?r? powerful motivator for ????l? ?f ???r ??untri??.In f??t, in th? interviewing t??hni?u?, m??t often, ????l? t?ll what interviewers lik? t? h??r r?th?r th?n wh?t th?? r??ll? f??l about various things.On? ?f th? m?int?n?n?? (?r h?gi?n?) factors m?nti?n?d b? H?rzb?rg is ??r??n? lif?. What m?n?g?m?nt ??n do ?b?ut th? personal life ?f an individu?l; is r??ll? subject t? ?ffi?i?l ??n?tr?int?, ?ut on m?n?g?r? b? th? ?rg?ni??ti?n.Th?r? is ?n element of ?v?rl???ing in Herzberg’s th??r?. For example, in the ??t?g?r? of m?tiv?ti?n?l f??t?r?, ‘advancement’ ?nd ‘????rtuniti?? for gr?wth’ ?lm??t convey th? same ??nn?t?ti?n.CRITICISM ?F HERZBERG’S TWO FACTOR THEORYH?rzb?rg’? th??r? h??, however, b??n ?riti ?iz?d by m?n? ?uth?r?. The criticism ?f the th??r? i? based ?n th? f?ll?wing ??int?.The f??t?r? l??ding t? ??ti?f??ti?n ?nd di???ti?f??ti?n ?r? not r??ll? different from each ?th?r. It h?? been ??nt?nd?d that ??hi?v?m?nt, recognition, ?nd responsibility ?r? im??rt?nt f?r b?th ??ti?f??ti?n and di???ti?f??ti?n, whil? such dim?n?i?n? ?? security, ??l?r?, ?nd working ??nditi?n? ?r? less im??rt?nt;Th? two f??t?r th??r? i? ?n ?v?r-?im?lifi??ti?n ?f the tru? r?l?ti?n?hi? between motivation and di???ti?f??ti?n. Several studies ?h?w?d th?t one f??t?r ??n ??u?? job ??ti?f??ti?n f?r one person ?nd job dissatisfaction f?r another.H?rzb?rg’? inference r?g?rding diff?r?n??? between satisfiers and m?tiv?t?r? ??nn?t b? completely ?????t?d. P???l? generally attribute the ??u??? of ??ti?f??ti?n t? their ?wn ??hi?v?m?nt?. But more likely th?? ?ttribut? their dissatisfaction to obstacles ?r???nt?d by company’s ??li?i?? ?r ?u??ri?r? than t? th?ir d?fi?i?n?i??.Though H?rzb?rg’? th??r? h?? m?t sever e criticism, it has ???t a n?w light ?n th? content ?f work m?tiv?ti?n. It h?? ??ntribut?d ?ub?t?nti?ll? t? M??l?w‘? id??? ?nd m?d? them m?r? ???li??bl? t? th? work situation. It has also ??ntribut?d t? j?b design technique ?r j?b enrichment.Regardless ?f criticisms, H?rzb?rg’? theory has b??n wid?l? read, and few m?n?g?r? are unfamiliar with hi? r???mm?nd?ti?n?.The ???ul?rit? ?f v?rti??ll? expanding j?b? to ?ll?w w?rk?r? gr??t?r responsibility ??n ?r?b?bl? be ?ttribut?d to H?rzb?rg’? finding?.Th? disadvantages are th?t H?rzb?rg? m?d?l i? m?r? ?f a g?n?r?liz?ti?n that m?? n?t b? appropriate to all gr?u?? of ?m?l????? ?r individuals within a group. H?rzb?rg b???d his theory on int?rvi?w? with accountants ?nd ?ngin??r?.Hi? findings ?r? not necessarily dir??tl? ???li??bl? t? v??tl? diff?r?nt ?m?l???? gr?u??. H?url? ?m?l????? may not b? ??rti?ul?rl? interested in j?b ?nl?rg?m?nt and ?nri?hm?nt, ?nd may b? m?r? m?tiv?t?d by increased pay.S?m? ?m?l????? m?? b? m?r? m?tiv?t?d b? fl?x ibl? work arrangements.Additi?n?ll?, too mu?h of a g??d thing can be b?d: giving an ?m?l???? r????n?ibilit? th?? ?r? n?t ?r???r?d for ??n b? overwhelming ?nd become a de-motivator.TH? ?DV?NT?G??Th? ?dv?nt?g?? ?f H?rzb?rg? th??r? i? in id?ntif?ing th?t there are factors that in general will m?tiv?t? ?nd d?-m?tiv?t? groups of ?m?l?????, ??m? of whi?h are in th? ??ntr?l of m?n?g?r? (lik? level of r????n?ibilit? ?nd w?rking conditions) and ??m? whi?h ?r? outside ?f th?ir ??ntr?l (lik? ??r??n?l lif?).H?rzb?rg? model ??n be u??d t? id?ntif? br??d issues th?t need to be ?ddr????d or mitig?t?d in general.F?r example, in an environment wh?r? employees are un?ur? ?f th?ir job security, m?n?g?r? ??n tr? to mitig?t? the d?-m?tiv?ting ?ff??t b? ?r?viding ???n ??mmuni??ti?n, ?nd b? reassuring ?m?l????? ?b?ut the situation.IN ??R????TIV?H?rzb?rg? ideas h?v? ?r?v?d v?r? dur?bl?. Hi? work ??n b? ???n in ??mm?n with th?t of Elt?n M??? (kn?wn f?r th? H?wth?rn? Ex??rim?nt?), ?f Abr?h?m Maslow (d?v?l?? ?r of the hi?r?r?h? ?f n??d?) ?nd ?f Douglas McGregor (?r??t?r ?f Theory X ?nd Th??r? Y) ?? a r???ti?n t? F W T??l?r? Scientific M?n?g?m?nt th??ri??.These last f??u??d ?n t??hni?u?? whi?h ??uld b? u??d to m?ximi?? th? ?r?du?tivit? ?f m?nu?l workers and ?n th? separation of mental ?nd ?h??i??l w?rk b?tw??n m?n?g?m?nt ?nd workers.In ??ntr??t, H?rzb?rg ?nd hi? ??nt?m??r?ri?? b?li?v?d that w?rk?r? wanted th? ????rtunit? t? f??l part ?f a t??m and to grow ?nd d?v?l??.Although Herzbergs th??r? i? n?t highl? r?g?rd?d by ????h?l?gi?t? t?d??, managers h?v? f?und in it u??ful guidelines for action. Its b??i? tenets ?r? ???? t? und?r?t?nd ?nd ??n be applied t? ?ll t???? of ?rg?ni??ti?n.Furth?rm?r?, it appears t? ?u???rt th? ???iti?n ?nd influ?n?? ?f m?n?g?m?nt. It has b??n n?t?d th?t links b?tw??n m?tiv?ti?n ?nd ?r?du?tivit? are beyond the scope of Herzberg’s w?rk, and th? usefulness of motivating f??t?r? from th? ??r????tiv? ?f management may d???nd upon proving thi? r?l?ti?n?hi?, as other ?uth?r? h?v? tri?d t? d?.Th? theorys impact h?? been seen on r?w?rd systems, fir?tl? in a move away from ???m?nt-b?-r??ult? systems ?nd today in th? gr?wing ?r???rti?n of ??f?t?ri? b?n?fit? ??h?m??, whi?h ?ll?w individual employees to ?h???? the fring? b?n?fit? whi?h best ?uit th?m.Job ?nri?hm?nt w?? more th??ri??d about than ?ut int? ?r??ti??. Many schemes whi?h w?r? tri?d r??ult?d only in cosmetic changes or led t? d?m?nd? f?r in?r????d w?rk?r control ?nd w?r? therefore t?rmin?t?d.N?w?d??? th? ??n???t is m?r? ?n? of people enrichment, although thi? ?till ?w?? much to Herzbergs original w?rk.Hi? gr??t??t contribution h?? b??n th? knowledge th?t motivation ??m?? fr?m within th? individu?l; it ??nn?t b? im????d b? ?n organisation ????rding t? ??m? formula.M?n? ?f t?d??? tr?nd? ??r??r m?n?g?m?nt, ??lf-m?n?g?d learning, and ?m??w?rm?nt h?v? a b??i? in H?rzb?rg? in?ight?.

Containment Americas Plan to Curtail Communism

Containment was a foreign policy of the United States of America, introduced at the start of the Cold War, aimed at stopping the spread of Communism and keeping it contained and isolated within its current borders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics  (USSR or the Soviet Union) instead of spreading to a war-ravaged Europe. The United States feared specifically a domino effect, that the communism of the USSR would spread from one country to the next, destabilizing one nation which would, in turn, destabilize the next and allow for communist regimes to dominate the region. Their solution: cutting communist influence off at its source or enticing struggling nations with more funding than communist countries were providing. Although containment may have specifically been meant as a term to describe the U.S. strategy for the curtailment of communism from spreading outward from the Soviet Union, the idea of containment as a strategy for cutting off nations such as China and North Korea still persist to this day. The Cold War and Americas Counter-Plan for Communism The Cold War emerged after World War Two when nations formerly under Nazi rule ended up split between the conquests of the USSR (pretending to be liberators) and the newly freed states of France, Poland, and the rest of Nazi-occupied Europe. Since the United States had been a key ally in liberating western Europe, it found itself deeply involved in this newly divided continent: Eastern Europe wasnt being turned back into free states, but under the military and increasingly political control of the Soviet Union. Further, western European countries appeared to be wobbling in their democracies because of socialist agitation and collapsing economies, and the United States began to suspect that the Soviet Union was using communism as a means to make western democracy fail by destabilizing these countries and bringing them into the folds of communism. Even countries themselves were dividing in half over the ideas of how to move forward and recover from the last World War. This resulted in a lot of political and indeed military turmoil for the years to come, with such extremes as the  Berlin Wall  being established to separate East and West Germany due to the opposition to communism. The United States wanted to prevent this from spreading further Europe and on to the rest of the world, so they developed a solution called containment to attempt to manipulate the socio-political future of these recovering nations. The U.S. Involvement in Border States: Containment 101 The concept of containment was first outlined in George Kennans Long Telegram, which was sent to the U.S. Government from his position in the U.S. Embassy in Moscow. It arrived in Washington on February 22, 1946, and circulated widely around the White House until Kennan made it public in an article called The Sources of Soviet Conduct — this became known as X Article because the authorship was attributed to X. Containment was adopted by President Harry Truman as part of his Truman Doctrine in 1947, which redefined Americas foreign policy as one that supports the free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures, according to Trumans speech to Congress that year. This came at the height of the Greek Civil War of 1946 - 1949 when much of the world was in conflict over which direction Greece and Turkey should and would go, and the United States agreed to help both equally to avoid the possibility that the Soviet Union could coerce these nations into communism. Acting deliberately, at times aggressively, to involve itself in the border states of the world, to keep them from turning communist, the United States spearheaded a movement that would eventually lead to the creation of NATO (North American Treaty Organization). These acts of arbitration could include sending funds, such as in 1947 when the CIA spent large amounts to influence the result of Italys elections helping the Christian Democrats defeat the Communist party, but it also could mean wars, leading to US involvement in Korea, Vietnam and elsewhere. As a policy, it has drawn a fair amount of praise and criticism. It can be seen to have directly affected the politics of many states, but it drew the west into supporting dictators and other people simply because they were enemies of communism, rather than by any broader sense of morality. Containment remained central to American foreign policy throughout the Cold War, officially ending with the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

Character of Hamlet Essay - 2018 Words

Character of Hamlet Wer gar zu viel bedenkt wird wenig leisten -Schiller He who reflects too much will accomplish little It is impossible to attain completeness in the assessment of any ones character and more so in the case of Hamlets, for its note are complex and mysterious. But on rigorous study, Hamlets character can be described though partly but adequately by the above quote. Hamlet is the most famous, the most popular play in the English language. But to quote T.S.Eliot -So far from being Shakespeares masterpiece, the play is most certainly an artistic failureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. And probably more people have thought Hamlet a work of art because they found it interesting, than†¦show more content†¦Here Amleth directly knew that his uncle was guilty quite in contrast to Hamlets case and Amleths life was in great danger also in contrast to Hamlets as his uncle Claudius was fond of his nephew. He takes good care of him and calls him his son as well. There is no great apparent danger to Hamlets life from Claudius until he is aware that Hamlet knows of his devilish act of murdering the King Hamlet. In the case of Amleth he had every reason to act as if he were mad because that was necessary to him to accomplish his duty of avenging his fathers murder. It is hard to understand why Hamlet pretends madness when he could have done what he had to with great ease and no one would have objected to Claudius dethronement as Claudius was not popular with his people, which is quite evident from the fact that Laertes could raise a public revolt against the king so boldly. In Amleths case it was completely different, his uncle had complete support in the coup. And A.C.Bradley further observes that Shakespeare was not properly able to link all the portions of Amleths story into Hamlet. The other way of analyzing Hamlet is from the play itself. This is the most fascinating part and it makes the most interesting reading. First and foremost we must go to the backdrop in which the play is set and the introduction of Hamlet into the play. The country isShow MoreRelatedHamlet Character Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesThe Troubled Prince: An Analysis of Hamlet â€Å"To be, or not to be: That is the question†(3.1.58). This is probably the most famous quote in all of Shakespearean literature and was uttered by the main character, Hamlet, of the play â€Å"Hamlet† written by Shakespeare. It demonstrates his instability and suicidal thoughts. Throughout the play he comes off as a very unpredictable and complex character. He makes many rash decisions, but at the same time often takes a lot of time to contemplate many of hisRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Hamlet1065 Words   |  5 Pageswill be explaining where and when Hamlet talks about certain characters, to help explain how he thinks about them (ex: King Hamlet, Claudius, and Gertrude). 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LaMar in â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts† explain the popularity of the protagonist:    Much of the delight of modern readers, of course, comes from the study of the characters of the principal figures in the play, for Shakespeare has presentedRead MoreCharacter Duplicity in Hamlet4193 Words   |  17 PagesIn Act I Scene II of Hamlet, Gertrude asks Hamlet, Why seems it so particular with thee? Since death is common to all, she asks, why does Hamlet seem to be making such a particular fuss about his fathers death? He replies, Seems Madam? Nay it is. I know not seems. It is not a question of seeming, but being: His black mourning clothes are simply a true representation of his deep unhappiness. With this line, Shakespeare develops the theme of appearance versus reality and that he intends to stressRead MoreEssay on Hamlet- The Characters766 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet The prince of Denmark, and a student at the University of Wittenberg. At the beginning of the play, Hamlets father, King Hamlet, has recently died, and his mother, Queen Gertrude, has married the new king, Hamlets uncle Claudius. Hamlet is melancholy, bitter, and cynical, full of hatred for his uncle and disgust at his mother for marrying him. When the ghost of Hamlets father appears and claims to have been murdered by Claudius, Hamlet becomes obsessed with avenging his fathers deathRead MoreFemale Characters in Hamlet4091 Words   |  17 Pagesis a story of one, or at most two persons. As a rule, they are male protagonists. But to say that Shakespeare’s female characters are shallow, undeveloped and used just as a decoration on the stage is very wrong. Women in Shakespeare’s tragedies have no leading role and they are, to paraphrase Northrop Frye,[1] not tragic heroines, but heroines in a tragedy. All female characters in Shakespeare’s tragedies have one thing in common – they end up dead. It is always an untimely, unnatural death. ThisRead MoreEmpathy for the Character Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare771 Words   |  4 PagesEmpathy for the Character Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare I believe deep down everyone has felt like they themselves where Hamlet. They can empathize with some of the emotions Hamlet was feeling, the grief and the sorrow, the abandonment and resentment. Not many carry their fantasy as far as Hamlet did. Shakespeare wrote of a man who had to face the great loss. Not the loss of his beloved father or of his lover Ophelia, but he lost himself in a world of make-believe where he couldRead MoreThe Characters Traits of Hamlet Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet is a Shakespearian tragedy that takes place in the kingdom of Denmark. The plot consists of murder, betrayal, revenge, suicide and insanity. Hamlet the prince of Denmark, main character of Hamlet, has many character traits which are contrasted by other figures in the play. 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It is a tragedy because it results in the deaths of many characters either accidentallyRead MoreHamlet Character Analysis Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesNicole Ventzke Crystal Jensen 1102 T/H 2/14/11 Hamlet Character Analysis: Hamlet One aspect that makes William Shakespeare’s Hamlet alluring is how he broke the limiting mold of the one-dimensional character by representing characters in all of their human complexity. Hamlet, for example, is a compelling character because he is complicated. As Hamlet himself observes early in the play in, â€Å"Tis not alone my inky cloak/nor customary suits of solemn black, /Nor†¦forced breath/No, nor the fruitful

Caucasians and African Americans Free Essays

Without Reservation is a history of how the Mashantucket Pequot tribe, composed mostly of Caucasians and African Americans who exaggerated or fabricated their Native American ancestry, rose to power in the 1980s and 1990s. In addition, it exposes how they were corrupted by money, power, and influence, creating and essentially looting the world’s largest casino-resort complex. The first third of the book traces the Pequots’ formation in the early 1970s, when Indian rights attorney Tom Tureen sought the location of a defunct Pequot reservation near Ledyard, Connecticut. We will write a custom essay sample on Caucasians and African Americans or any similar topic only for you Order Now Tureen met Richard â€Å"Skip† Hayward, a laborer and failed preacher with rather dubious claims of Indian ancestry; his grandmother was the daughter of a black father and a mother listed as Indian on some documents. (Benedict 146) Declaring himself an Indian (which he had never done before), Hayward basically charmed his way into becoming chief of a tribe who history was at best murky, attracting a growing number of members whose Indian blood was as non-existent as his own. Most were Hayward’s own relatives; said Tureen, â€Å"The Pequots are all Haywards. † (Benedict 59) With Tureen’s help, Hayward gained political power and access to government money by arousing and shrewdly manipulating public sympathy for Native Americans. The tribe’s members were mostly non-Indian, simply claiming identity with an oppressed people was convincing enough; according to Tureen, â€Å"We never had to lie or mislead anybody. . . . We were never questioned about those other aspects. † (Benedict 117) In 1992, the Mashantucket Pequot opened Foxwoods, then the world’s largest casino, on tribal land and with funding by both the federal government and Chinese-Malaysian financiers Lim Goh Tong and Colin Au. (Benedict 213) The casino, exempt from paying taxes, was then the only such resort in New England and proved itself quickly profitable; its 1995 gambling profits exceeded $300 million. (Benedict 295-296) Though Hayward was something of a con artist (he had been a failed blue-collar laborer and preacher, and his revival of the Pequot tribe smacked of chicanery), he was ambitious and tried to build Foxwoods into a larger complex, with a wide array of entertainment offerings, including an Indian museum. However, many of the newly-attracted members had hoped to avoid working and live for free on the reservation; as it was, Hayward provided members living there with homes, stipends, and free college educations. Ultimately, tribal elder Kenny Reels, whose Indian ancestry was as dubious and invented as Hayward’s (Benedict 232-234), led a disgruntled group of members and deposed Hayward as leader, aiming instead of skim and enjoy the profits. Said one member: â€Å"I haven’t got my first million. My wife’s got to work. People should be enjoying themselves. Why can’t I have a BMW? † (Benedict 293) Ironically, Hayward, a somewhat shady character, had tried to behave as a legitimate leader and businessman after Foxwoods opened, only to be ousted by former supporters. Today, Foxwoods brings in immense amounts of money but is deeply in debt due to the current Pequot leaders’ gross mismanagement. RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS Without Reservation relates to the hospitality industry by illustrating some of the less savory aspects of gaming, giving ample detail of the political maneuvering necessary to bring both the Mashantucket Pequot and Foxwoods into existence. Hayward was basically a classic huckster, promoting himself as an Indian (which misled Tureen and many others who helped him) and envisioned a grand project that would make him and his followers rich. The tribe used its political connections to overcome not only fierce local opposition to the casino in the late 1980s and early 1990s, but also environmental regulations (from which Indian casinos are exempt, like taxes). Foxwoods’ construction irrevocably changed the surrounding countryside, removing thousands of trees and much of the local wildlife. (Benedict 226-227) Like many businesses, gaming depends on those relationships to politicians on various levels, but gaming is more controversial due to communities’ concerns about the effects casinos supposedly have – namely, increases in crime and political corruption. Indeed, the Pequot reservation and surrounding communities witnessed a sharp rise in violence and drug activity in the late 1990s, widely attributed to the casino. Indeed, current tribal leader Kenny Reels’ own nephew was imprisoned for rape and drug offenses. (Benedict 347) In addition, it shows the perils of mismanagement. Skip Hayward, while not a polished professional with a business background, tried to run Foxwoods and the tribe cleanly, carefully watching the profits and planning to put them back into future expansions. Sensing a â€Å"classic product cycle† when Foxwoods’ novelty began wearing off, Hayward tried to add shopping, a museum, and other venues. (Benedict 266-267) However, an accomplished CEO who fired a crooked auditor was forced to quit, shortly before Hayward himself was ousted by a corrupt element of the tribal leadership. Since then, the casino continues to enjoy high revenues from gambling but is in serious financial disarray; because tribal leaders have routinely dipped into the profits for their own uses (and for their supporters), Foxwoods has had trouble repaying its construction loans and has descended into deep debt. CRITIQUE A fast read for its length, Without Reservation is very well-written, with clear, strong prose and a brisk narrative. While an expose, the book is not written in a sensational style, but rather more like a tight fictional narrative. It exposes the shady political machinations behind both the tribe’s â€Å"revival† (if indeed the Mashantucket ever genuinely existed) and the casino’s creation, as well as the infighting between Skip Hayward and Kenny Reels. The book has two main ironies; the first involves Hayward’s own dubious background and evolution into a relatively honest figure, while the second involves race. The tribe drew both white and black recruits from the Northeast, many of whom came from poor backgrounds and saw membership in the Mashantucket Pequot as a means of getting rich without effort. Reels, a black Rhode Islander with a small amount of supposedly Indian blood, exploited the racial differences between the factions to force out Hayward and his adherents. The tribe, intended to unite the races in a race to which none actually belonged, split apart along mainly racial lines. In general, this book offers keen insights into not only the creation of the world’s largest casino but also into how racial identity is manipulated for political and financial reasons, how a group of poor outsiders used public sympathy to gain federal recognition (and money) with virtually no evidence of their Indian ancestry, and how greed and mistrust ultimately ruined the tribe’s key figures. It manages to tell a complex, scandalous, somewhat tragic story without exaggeration or sensation, making it a straightforward, rewarding read. How to cite Caucasians and African Americans, Papers

Nature Versus Nurture free essay sample

Nature versus Nurture The nature versus nurture debate has been one that has been around for centuries. This debate was spawned from the idea that nature and nurture are both pieces of the human puzzle. Are we as humans shaped because of our genes only or are we influenced by our peers and environment? The opinion of this writer is that a person is who he or she is based on both principals of nature and nurture. Personal Thoughts My thoughts on nature and nurture have never been explored until now. I have always assumed that I am who I am because God made me this way.Now that I have learned a bit more about this debate, I find that I am a product of both nature and nurture. I am tall, have brown hair, wear glasses, and speak with a country accent because of my gene structure given to me by my parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Nature Versus Nurture or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The way that I act and my thought processes come from influences in my environment and the teachings of my family. â€Å"We are a product of nature and nurture, but we are also an open system† (Myers, pg. 167). This means that even though genes and culture are influences in a person’s overall structure, a person can defy each.For example, as a teenager, I was always pressured to go with the crowd and conform to their ways of thinking and acting. I wanted so badly to fit in and found it difficult because I was tall, lanky, and had acne which was all given to me by my nature or genetic structure. Growing up in a smaller town, teenage drinking was a pressure of my social group and while I knew it would be the â€Å"thing to do†, I opposed what culture was telling me was okay. I chose not to go with the crowd and for that, I enjoyed my high school experience in my own way.I was taught by my parents the consequences of right and wrong and knew that making such choices were wrong for me which was instilled in me through the nurture part of my makeup. God says Train up a child in the way in which he should go (Prov. 22:6) which must have been a very important verse as I was growing up. My parents and grandparents have always been influential in making me a self-respecting, confident adult who can make conscious decisions on my own. History The nature versus nurture debate first began in the 13th century in France.Our genes give us our internal imprint that tell us what color our eyes are, how tall we will be, and how big our feet will be. Our genetic structure makes us unique. Psychological influences refer to our beliefs, feelings, and expectations of life experiences. These characteristics are based on the â€Å"gene-environment interaction† and can give us â€Å"responses evoked by our own temperament, gender, etc. † (Myers, pg. 167). Finally, social-cultural influences are how society influences our development. These can come from our parents, friends, culture, and even gender.A person’s social-cultural influences can cause them to see people differently than they normally would. I could see this being the state where racism is influenced. Unfortunately, I see this becoming a bigger influencing factor in the years ahead and we, as a society, have many different cultural groups in our everyday lives. Conclusion In conclusion, the nature versus nurture debate can take on many different forms in how it is perceived. One could see that they are who they are based on their heredity while another could see it from an environmental viewpoint.

11 Rose Color Meanings to Help You Pick the Perfect Bouquet

Rose Color Meanings to Help You Pick the Perfect Bouquet SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A red rose is a pretty universal symbol of love and passion. So universal, in fact, that the price of red roses can increase by 200% around Valentine’s Day in some regions!However, all colors of roses have their own unique symbolic meanings- not just red roses. The symbolic meanings of other rose colors just aren’t quite as well-known. In this article, we’ll briefly go over the concept of rose color symbolism. Then we’ll break down the meaning of different rose colors(including favorites like yellow, pink, and white roses) and provide appropriate occasions for each color. We’ll also discuss the symbolism of different numbers of roses and provide some insight into rose cost. All this will help you to choose the most appropriate roses for any given occasion! Rose Color Meanings: A Brief Overview While the concept of assigning symbolic meaning to flowers has existed since ancient times, the popularity of communicating through the â€Å"language of flowers† peaked in the Western world during the Victorian era. Both men and women consulted â€Å"flower dictionaries† to choose and interpret the appropriate flowers to send, wear, and display. Flowers were given meaning based on both their species and their color. So while the rose in general is a symbol of love, different rose colors provided different shades of meaning (or even, in some cases, a completely different meaning) to this base meaning of rose = love. The mania for flower dictionaries may have passed, but a fascination with flower symbolism- particularly with roses, one of the most popular flowers- has persisted. If you’d like to give a bouquet of roses that’s especially thoughtful and meaningful, consider the symbolism of the colors you select. Read on for a comprehensive guide to what different colored roses mean and what occasions they are most appropriate for. The Meaning of Rose Colors: 4Most Popular Colors While we will discuss all rose color meaningsin this article, we’ll start with the symbolism of the most popular rose colors: red, white, yellow, and pink. Red Rose Meaning Red is one of the most common and popular rose colors. The red rose is a symbol of beauty, passion, desire, and romantic love. The red rose was originally associated with Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love. Myth holds that when her lover, Adonis, was wounded, she pricked her foot on the thorns of a white rose in her haste to run to him. Her blood stained the roses red, turning the red rose into a symbol of incredible passion and romantic devotion. Legend also has it that Cleopatra seduced Mark Antony in a room fully covered in red rose petals. A dozen red roses boldly declares, â€Å"I love you,† while a single red rose communicates devotion and loyalty. Beyond their more passionate connotation, red roses are often used outside of romantic contexts to convey congratulations or gratitude. Red Roses Occasions Red roses are very popular flowers for Valentine’s day. However, because of the increased demand, rose prices go up dramatically around this time, and you may be getting lower-quality roses.Additionally, they are somewhat of a Valentine’s day cliche, which may come across as fairly unoriginal. So unless you know the recipient has their heart set on red roses, consider another flower for this holiday and save red roses for another (romantic) time. For example, anniversaries or birthdays with a significant other. Red roses also often appear in bridal bouquets because of their connotation of a love that is both everlasting and passionate. Finally, you might give red roses for non-romantic reasons. They are popular flowers for giving to someone after a performance; you often see bouquets of red roses or single flowers thrown onstage after ballet or opera performances. So you might give red roses to someone who has just done a stage performance of some kind or completed a big accomplishment like a graduation or major work project. Red roses can also be deployed to thank someone who has done something meaningful for you. Context is everything- think about how your gesture of red roses will be interpreted under the circumstances! White Rose Meaning White roses have a variety of symbolic associations. In Greek myth, Aphrodite was born from the foam of the sea. Greek poet Anacreon wrote that the sea foam that dripped from her body after she emerged from the ocean turned into white roses.In the Christian tradition, the white rose is associated with the Virgin Mary. Perhaps because of its association with these two fairly different figures, white rose symbolism is somewhat broad.Possibly because of its connection to the Virgin Mary, it bears a meaning of innocence, chastity, and purity. It’s also associated with spirituality, reverence, and new beginnings. In Victorian tradition, the deeper the rose color, the deeper the passion- so a white rose was most appropriate for a young girl or woman who has not yet felt a deep and passionate love. Somewhat contradictorily, the white rose also symbolizes a soul-deep love and canrepresent marriage. White Roses Occasions Because of its associations with purity, spirituality, and new beginnings, the white rose is an appropriate funeral flower. However, it’s also a common wedding flower due to its association with marriage and deep love. Cream roses are considered particularly bridal. White roses are also appropriate for religious occasions like baptisms and confirmations. Yellow Rose Meaning The yellow rose has experienced a significant shift in meaning over time. In the Victorian era, the yellow rose signified jealousy and accused the recipient of infidelity. Not exactly a very happy message! However, in the present day,the yellow rose most commonly means friendship- and specifically platonic friendship. Sending yellow roses to someone you may have romantic interest in, then, may not be the best move as it could signal that you are only interested in friendship with that person. For someone you are friends with, the yellow rose sends a message of cheer, joy, caring, and platonic affection. Yellow Roses Occasions The yellow rose is an excellent congratulatory rose for a happy occasion. A new baby or an engagement are great reasons to send someone yellow roses. You might also send them to thank a friend for their support or help. Lastly, yellow roses are a good choice for someone who needs a pick-me-up- perhaps in a â€Å"Get Well Soon† bouquet. Pink Rose Meaning Pink roses have a pretty broad range of symbolic associations. In general, pink roses symbolize admiration, gentleness, dignity, elegance, innocence, and happiness. Different shades of pink can convey different shades of meaning.Paler pink roses signify grace and sweetness. Deeper pink roses convey gratitude. Pink Roses Occasions Pink roses are very versatile. They can convey either a romantic or platonic message. Pale pink roses are a good choice for the beginning of a romance, when red roses may come off somewhat strongly. You can also send pink roses to a friend to congratulate or cheer them. Deeper pink roses are especially well-suited as a thank you gift. Pink roses are also appropriate for a girl or young woman, especially to convey congratulations or to commemorate a milestone. Rose Color Meaning: 7 More Unusual Colors In this next section, we’ll go over the rose color meanings of some of the more unusual rose colors. Orange Rose Meaning Fiery orange roses send a strong message of fascination, passion, enthusiasm, attraction, and desire. Coral roses in particular signify desire. Orange Roses Occasions Orange roses convey a meaning that is primarily romantic in nature. Thus, they are best for romantic occasions. They can be a slightly unusual but appropriate choice for Valentine’s Day and anniversaries. They might also make a striking wedding flower in the right color scheme! Peach Rose Meaning Peach roses communicate sincerity and gratitude. They can also mark the closing of a deal or agreement. They have an alternative meaning of sympathy. Pale peach roses mean modesty. Peach Roses Occasions Peach roses are a very appropriate thank-you gift. Additionally, they are a good choice for a sympathy bouquet to someone who has just lost a loved one. With their meaning of modesty, pale peach roses can also make a very pretty component of a bouquet that communicates admiration- perhaps a bouquet of peach and pink roses together. This would also make a very pretty wedding flower combination and color palette. Burgundy Rose Meaning Burgundy roses have a very specific connotation of unconscious beauty. In the Victorian era, deeper rose colors signified deeper passion. Per this schema, burgundy roses signify a very deep passion, even beyond that of red roses. Burgundy Roses Occasions Burgundy roses are very romantic. They can make a striking choice for Valentine’s day or other romantic occasions and add depth to a bouquet with red and/or pink roses. They would also make a lush and beautiful wedding flower. Purple Rose Meaning Purple roses are very special and intriguing and have deep symbolic meaning. Purple roses symbolize enchantment and the mystical. Pale purple or lavender-colored roses send a message of â€Å"love at first sight.† Deeper purple roses convey majesty and royalty, adoration, and fascination. Purple Roses Occasions Purple roses are also very romantic and best for romantic occasions. Purple roses are an especially good choice for someone with a spiritual or mystical side. They also look beautiful in combination with red, pink, or burgundy roses. Green Rose Meaning Green roses symbolize peace, spiritual rejuvenation, calm, and fertility. It’s a soothing color that connotes close ties to the natural world. The pale green rose does occur in nature, although green roses that you buy from a florist may be dyed (especially if they are a bright St. Patrick’s-day green!) Green Roses Occasions Green roses are appropriate for any spiritual occasion, like a baptism or confirmation. As a symbol of peace, they also make an appropriate funeral flower. Because they are symbol of fertility, they would also be a good choice for new parents. Pale green and white roses together would make an especially striking and appropriate combination for such an event. Blue Rose Meaning True blue roses are not found in nature. Natural roses that are considered â€Å"blue† are actually a blue-toned purple. However, blue roses can also be obtained by dying white roses. Because they can’t be obtained naturally, blue roses symbolize the unattainable and the mysterious. Blue Roses Occasions Blue roses are not associated with many occasions, likely because they aren’t found in nature and must be artificially colors. However, with their enigmatic message,they could be used to send a message from a secret admirer. Black Rose Meaning Black roses are another color that is not found in nature. Natural roses that are called â€Å"black† are actually a very dark red or purple color. True black roses can only be obtained through dyeing. Black roses symbolize death, rebirth, and goodbye. Black Roses Meaning Black roses may be an appropriate funeral flower. However, they can come across as very gothic and morbid, so they may be somewhat of a risky choice unless you were close to the deceased and are confident they (and their surviving family members) would appreciate black roses. The Number of Roses - Meaning The number of roses gifted can also have symbolic meaning. However, the message is almost always some variant of â€Å"I love you.† Here’s a chart with the breakdown: Number of Roses Meaning One Devotion, love at first sight Two Mutual love Three â€Å"I love you† Six â€Å"I want to be yours,† infatuation Nine Eternal love Ten You are perfect Twelve (one dozen) Be mine Thirteen A secret admirer, or forever friendship Fifteen â€Å"I’m sorry,† â€Å"Please forgive me† Twenty Sincerity Twenty-one I’m committed to you Twenty-four (two dozen) â€Å"I’m yours,† â€Å"I’m thinking of you every hour of the day† Twenty-five Congratulations Thirty-six (three dozen) Remembering romantic moments Forty Genuine love Fifty Unconditional love 100 Complete devotion 108 Will you marry me? 365 I love you every day (of the year) 999 Eternal and infinite love (and an infinite bank account, probably!) Thus, almost all numbers of roses mean some version of â€Å"I love you,† â€Å"I’m devoted to you,† etc. Number, then, is overall less significant than color. Rose Color and Cost While color can (and does) play into the price of roses, it’s far from the most important factor. Rose cost is also affected by quality of the rose, time of year, and the labor involved in crafting the bouquet. Only after all this has been accounted for does color really come into play. Rose Quality It goes without saying that the higher the rose is in quality, the more expensive it will be per stem. Long-stemmed roses with hearty, full blooms cost more than their shorter-stemmed, less lush counterparts. The type of rose is another factor here. For example, garden roses, which are quite popular for weddings, tend to be far more expensive than the more typical rose varieties you would find in the grocery store. Time of Year Time of year plays into the level of demand for roses, which plays into price. Roses are most expensive around Valentine’s day, Mother’s day, and June due to increased demand. June is a high-demand time because many weddings take place in June, and roses are a popular wedding flower. Graduations could also contribute to increased demand at this time. Labor The amount of labor that goes into maintaining and arranging your roses is also reflected in the price. Bulk retailers who can’t give you much personalization and may not take as much care with the transport and storage of their blooms won’t charge as much for a dozen roses! By contrast, a specialty florist that does careful custom arrangements will charge you more. Rose Color Color comes into play primarily because it’s harder to find cheap roses in unusual colors. Red, white, and pink roses will almost always be easy to find at from bulk retailers like Costco or even at grocery stores for a fairly cheap price. But because there’s less demand for purple or peach roses, you are more likely to have to go through a florist, which will mean you’ll almost certainly need to pay more. Any artificially colored roses (so, a bright blue or green) will also cost more, because of the labor associated with coloring the roses. Rose Symbolism: Final Takeaways Here are some key takeaways for each of the rose colors: Red: Passion, love, desire. For romantic occasions. White: Innocence, purity, spirituality, new beginnings. Best for spiritual events, weddings, and funerals. Yellow: Platonic friendship. To cheer or congratulate a close friend. Pink: Pink roses primarily mean admiration, elegance, innocence, and gratitude. Very versatile; can be used for almost any occasion where flowers are appropriate. Orange: Desire, fascination, passion. For romantic occasions. Peach: Sincerity, gratitude, sympathy. Send as a thank-you or to someone in mourning. Burgundy: Unconscious beauty. For romantic occasions. Purple: enchantment, love at first sight (lilac), royalty and admiration (deeper purple). For romantic occasions. Blue (not found in nature): The unattainable and mysterious. Perhaps for a secret admirer. Black (not found in nature): Death and rebirth. Perhaps for a funeral. Almost every rose number sends some message of love and devotion, so there is a lot more variation and significance in rose colorsymbolism. Rose cost is primarily driven by the quality of the roses, the time of year, and the labor involved in the arrangement. However, you will have a harder time finding cheaper arrangements for less common rose colors like purple, orange, and green. Additionally, any artificially colored roses will cost you more.

How to Write a Lead Paragraph

How to Write a Lead Paragraph How to Write a Lead Paragraph How to Write a Lead Paragraph By Mark Nichol Absent or in spite of a photograph or other visual information, the headline is the first thing most readers notice. But even the most captivating headline has to be followed by a lead paragraph (known in journalistic jargon as a lede) that convinces the reader that the article is worth reading. What’s the function of a lede? (The odd spelling supposedly derives from the tradition of distinguishing the noun lead or the adjectival form in â€Å"lead paragraph† from the homonym lead, as in â€Å"lead type.†) An article is a story, and the lede is the pitch to woo the reader. But that analogy is of dubious use if your storytelling overtures are along the lines of â€Å"Let me tell you about this crazy thing that happened to me today† no more useful than clearing your throat or shuffling papers before you give a speech. In person, your audience might patiently and politely await your account, but readers, knowing you’re not there to have your feelings hurt, will likely not hesitate to move on. But what if you cut to the chase and said, â€Å"A guy pulled a gun on me today†? Your audience will almost certainly invest some time and effort into hearing what comes next. By the same token, a lede must be constructed to attract attention. What content, exactly, goes into a lede? The first paragraph of an article provides the main points without digressing into details; those can follow in subsequent paragraphs. A lede tells the reader something interesting and/or newsworthy, providing context and perspective. Ideally, it speaks to the reader’s curiosity, and perhaps their desires or fears. It might introduce conflict or controversy. The traditional lede for a news article includes what journalists call the 5 Ws (and sometimes an H thrown in for good measure): This term is shorthand for who, what, when, where, and why (plus how). Of course, a lede that includes all five (or six) elements is usually overstuffed; it’s better to focus only a couple or at most a few of these. (One of the most celebrated newspaper-article ledes, in reference to a man who was shot and killed because he attacked a fast-food worker over an order of fried chicken, tells you only who and what and is reticent about the what: â€Å"Gary Robinson died hungry.†) The challenge to writing a good lede is achieving both specificity and brevity. To be specific, remember who and its friends. Pick one, or another question, to answer, and wrap the lede around it. To accomplish brevity (ideally, a lede should consist of less than thirty words), choose strong, vivid nouns and verbs, eschew verbosity and redundancy, and make every word count. To test the lede, read it aloud, and omit adjectives, adverbs, and wordy constructions and, especially in these search-engine-driven times, focus on keywords. To craft an effective lede, avoiding writing what readers already know and telling readers what you’re going to tell them. Keep to one point, and avoid attribution and specific numbers (an exception to the specificity rule). Think of the lede as an elevator speech the proverbial opportunity to sell your story to a movie producer or book publisher with a brief pitch during the interval the two of you share an elevator ride. This is your chance; take it. What if you just can’t put a lede together? Write a placeholder sentence, and come back to it later after you’ve completed the rest of the article the result may show you the way. You might also think about potential ledes before you even begin to report or research, or during the process. You may not end up using anything you come up with at that stage, but it will get you thinking. Also, keep in mind that the traditional journalistic lede isn’t the only way to go. Besides the summary form, there’s also the anecdotal lede, the question, the quotation, and the direct approach or a combination of forms. Remember â€Å"A guy pulled a gun on me today†? Though the question, quotation, and direct forms are challenging to pull off, the anecdotal form, a hallmark of what is called narrative journalism or narrative nonfiction, is increasingly popular and often intuitively constructed. Here’s the lede to a true first-person story I might write: â€Å"I had always wondered how I would react if someone pulled a gun on me. Today, I found out.† Would you like to read more? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 English Grammar Rules You Should Know11 Writing Exercises to Inspire You and Strengthen Your Writing20 Criminal Terms You Should Know

Queations Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Queations - Article Example To strengthen child’s existing capability is the good choice. Planned ignoring of the naughty child will have some salutary effect on the disposition of the child. Control, coercion and bribery need to be applied in a well-proportioned manner. Parents and teachers must share the responsibility to translate the well-researched set of tools to manage classroom behavior. Q.4.In the screening committee Mary owns prime responsibility. She knows about the ground realities about the day to day handling of children in the classroom environment. The counselor, with his knowledge about the psychological disposition of children should be able to give advice to identify a child having special needs and exceptionalities. The Principal, generally an individual with vast administrative experience, should be in a position to ensure that the student has the support and resources necessary to be successful and to reach his or her full potential. Parents are free to point out any shortcomings in the administration of their child and suggest modifications/improvements in the teaching technique. The final goal of the screening committee is the proper identification of the child’s learning needs. Q.5.The class as a whole was good and accepted her reformation methods, except five or six children, who had severe learning difficulties. Tim was a child with difficult home life and was mostly brought up at a childcare center. He was unable to change for the better and his initial response to her teaching methods was to cry and say, â€Å"Im no good. Im stupid. I cant do this work." But his self-pity soon turned to anger toward Mary and he yelled during a parent-teacher meeting, "Im going to kill you, I hate you, and Im going to kill you." Q.6.The responsibilities of the parents at home and the teacher at school to handle the child are different. Parents generally turn a blind eye to the discipline issue of their children as their feelings are coated

Employee Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Employee Development - Essay Example One such organization that applies this aspect is Tarmac, which is a leading construction company in the United Kingdom, which began operations in 1930 and involves itself in the supply of building materials and other supplies critical in the building and construction industry (Tarmac Case Study, 2014). The company has at least eleven thousand people working as part of its workforce in which its organizational structure comprises of Tarmac UK and Tarmac International. Over the years, Tarmac has come to appreciate its workforce as being more than just employees in hard hats, but they have become useful resources to the company (Tarmac Case Study, 2014). Ideally, Tarmac relies on having a skilled workforce for improving on work performance, efficiency and this knowledge is applicable in its sales and marketing, IT, finance and procurement departments. In this case, Tarmac only recruits the best from the market in which the company maximizes on their skills and knowledge to create a competitive advantage while also making sure that the employees remain interested, motivated, and developed in order for them to retain their organizational commitment. Another aspect that Tarmac applies as its human resource management practice is the fact that the Company identifies its human resource needs before embarking on the process of recruitment, which is part of its strategic process (Sims, 2006). Further, its strategy referred to as DREAM (developing markets, reducing operational costs, engaging employees, acting responsibly and managing assets) is one that every employee has to familiarize themselves with as part of Tarmac’s initiative to delivering value to its stakeholders (Tarmac Case Study, 2014). Lastly, Tarmac ensures that its workforce remains motivated to accomplish the organizational tasks by enrolling them in trainings as a way of improving on their skills and

Science Curriculum in New York :: Education School Essays

Science Curriculum in New York Researching the US National Standards of Science Education and the New York State Science Standards gave our group valuable information about any science curriculum in New York State. We searched the Web and the New York State Standards for Mathematics, Science, and Technology booklet. Conducting an interview with both Ethanie Holl, kindergarten teacher, and Dr. LaChance, professor, were also very helpful. To start with here is a list of principles that guided the National Science Education Standards (NSES). #1 Science is for all students. #2 Learning science is an active process. #3 School science reflects the intellectual and cultural tradition that characterize the practice of contemporary science. #4 Improving science education is part of sysemic education reform. Following is a list of the seven New York State Standards for Mathematics, Science, and Technology. #1 Students will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, engineering design, as appropriate, to pose questions, seek answers, and develop solutions. #2 Students will access, generate, process, and transfer information using appropriate technologies. #3 Students will understand mathematics and become mathematically confident by communicating and reasoning mathematically, by applying math in real-world settings, and by solving problems through the integrated study of number systems, geometry, algebra, data analysis, probability, and trigonometry. #4 Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science. #5 Students will apply technological knowledge and skills to design, construct, use and evaluate products and systems to satisfy human and environmental needs. #6 Students will understand the relationships and common themes that connect math, science, and technology and apply the themes to these and other areas of learning. #7 Students will apply the knowlege and thinking skills of math, science, and technology to address real-life problems and make informed decisions. From our research on the Web and in the booklet, we found that the State standards were derived from the national standards. In other words the National Standards were set with the idea of state and local officials creating the curriculum, assessment programs, and staff development activities that are appropriate for that state/district. The National standards encourage policies that will bring coordination, consistency, and coherence to the improvement of science education.

Greenpeace Introduction

Greenpeace International Ottho Heldringstraat 5 1066 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Phone: +31 (0) 20 718 20 00 Fax: +31 (0) 20 718 20 02 Email: supporter. services. [email  protected] org GREENPEACE – AHMET HALIL HAYTA Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace by: Catalysing an energy revolution to address the number one threat facing our planet: climate change. Defending our oceans by challenging wasteful and destructive fishing, and creating a global network of marine reserves.Protecting the world's ancient forests and the animals, plants and people that depend on them. Working for disarmament and peace by tackling the causes of conflict and calling for the elimination of all nuclear weapons. Creating a toxic free future with safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals in today's products and manufacturing. Campaigning for sustainable agriculture by rej ecting genetically engineered organisms, protecting biodiversity and encouraging socially responsible farming. Greenpeace is present in 40 countries across Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and the Pacific.To maintain its independence, Greenpeace does not accept donations from governments or corporations but relies on contributions from individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace has been campaigning against environmental degradation since 1971 when a small boat of volunteers and journalists sailed into Amchitka, an area north of Alaska where the US Government was conducting underground nuclear tests. This tradition of ‘bearing witness' in a non-violent manner continues today, and our ships are an important part of all our campaign work.Core Values Personal responsibility and Nonviolence We take personal responsibility for our actions, and we are committed to nonviolence. These principles are inspired by the Quaker concept of ‘bearing witness', which is abou t taking action based on conscience – personal action based on personal responsibility. We are accountable for our actions, and everyone on a Greenpeace action is trained in nonviolent direct action. Independence We ensure our financial independence from political or commercial interests.We do not accept money from either companies or governments. And we mean any money. Individual contributions, together with foundations grants, are the only source of our funding. Our independence gives us the authority we need to effectively tackle power, and make real change happen. Greenpeace has no permanent friends or foes In exposing threats to the environment and finding solutions we have no permanent allies or adversaries. If your government or company is willing to change we will work with you to achieve your aims.Dither, backtrack or turn around and we will be back. What matters isn’t words, but actions, and, as far as we’re concerned, there’s only one standard in this: The environment has to benefit. Promoting solutions We seek solutions for, and promote open, informed debate about society's environmental choices. We don’t work to manage environmental problems, we work to eliminate them. That’s why we developed our roadmap to save the seas through the establishment of marine reserves, and an Energy [R]evolution lueprint that points the way to a clean economy. It’s not enough for us to point the finger; we develop, research and promote concrete steps towards a green and peaceful future for all of us. Greenpeace structure and organisation Background – April 15, 2011 Greenpeace is a global environmental organisation, consisting of Greenpeace International (Stichting Greenpeace Council) in Amsterdam, and 28 national and regional offices around the world, providing a presence in over 40 countries.These national/regional offices are independent in carrying out global campaign strategies within the local context they operate within, and in seeking the necessary financial support from donors to fund this work. zoom In most National and Regional offices, voting memberships made up of activists and volunteers elect a Board of Directors. The development and coordination of these global strategies is the task of Greenpeace International.Supported by a consultative international decision making process in which the National/Regional Offices are the main stakeholders, Greenpeace International co-ordinates worldwide campaigns and monitors the development and performance of national and regional Greenpeace offices. The Greenpeace National / Regional offices are firmly rooted within the local environmental communities around the globe in the countries where Greenpeace operates. They maintain our direct contact with the public: all Greenpeace offices can be directly contacted by phone or email.Greenpeace International is the entity that maintains contacts with supporters and donors in countries where we do not have offices. It also provides a range of services to the national/regional offices such as maintenance of the Greenpeace ships, setting up new Greenpeace offices, drawing up combined financial forecasts and strategies for the worldwide organisation, providing fundraising support to national/regional offices, providing cost-efficient global IT services and Internet tools, and protecting the Greenpeace trademark.Greenpeace National and Regional Offices are licensed to use the name â€Å"Greenpeace† by Stichting Greenpeace Council. National and Regional offices contribute financially to Greenpeace International, campaign locally, participate in international campaigns, and help shape the international campaign programme. Greenpeace Africa Greenpeace Argentina Greenpeace Australia-Pacific Greenpeace Belgium Greenpeace Brazil Greenpeace Canada Greenpeace Central and Eastern Europe Greenpeace Chile Greenpeace Czech Republic Greenpeace East Asia Greenpeace France Greenpeace Ge rmany Greenpeace Greece Greenpeace IndiaGreenpeace Italy Greenpeace Japan Greenpeace Luxembourg Greenpeace Mediterranean Greenpeace Mexico Greenpeace Netherlands Greenpeace New Zealand Greenpeace Nordic Greenpeace Russia Greenpeace Southeast Asia Greenpeace Spain Greenpeace Switzerland Greenpeace UK Greenpeace USA South Korea abandons ‘scientific’ whaling plans Press release – December 4, 2012 Amsterdam, December 4, 2012 – Greenpeace confirmed on Tuesday that the government of South Korea has abandoned its plans to begin a ‘scientific’ whaling operation, a significant step forward in global efforts to protect whale populations.The proposed hunt, announced in July, would have caught minke whales for commercial purposes under the thin veil of scientific research. More than 100,000 people from around the world sent messages in the last month to the South Korean prime minister, asking him to call off the hunt. â€Å"The voices of people from Sout h Korea and the entire world have been heard by the South Korean government,† said Greenpeace East Asia oceans campaigner Jeonghee Han. â€Å"The South Korean government’s decision to not take up scientific whaling is another sign that commercial whaling has no place in our oceans.We urge South Korea to abandon all commercial whaling activities in the future. † Under International Whaling Commission (IWC) rules, a formal proposal for the ‘scientific’ hunt was required by 3 December. The IWC has confirmed to Greenpeace that the South Korean government has not submitted this. South Korean officials have also confirmed to Greenpeace that a decision to not move forward with the hunt was taken a few days ago. â€Å"The world does not support commercial whaling, even when it is disguised as scientific research.The decision by South Korea to listen to its own people and the global community and abandon a whaling programme modelled on that of Japan is a hug e win for the world’s whales,† added John Frizell, Greenpeace International oceans campaigner. Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment, and to promote peace. Greenpeace is opposed to commercial whaling in all of the world’s oceans. Greenpeace does good work in protecting the environment and drawing people's attention to it. Greenpeace demonstrating against Esso. March, 6. 2003.

I Have Always Been A Science Centered Girl - 3245 Words

I have always been a science-centered girl. Science and math, no matter how hard, always kept my attention and interest. The science of evolution has always aroused my mind, as the part of biology that sparks my interest most is genetics and the findings of Darwin. All throughout learning the basics up to my AP biology class, I believed evolution to be a fact. This is because it was taught as factual, and I saw no evidence against it. My teachers always seemed well informed and because they were the â€Å"all-knowers† of the field I loved, I idolized them and believed every word that they spoke. However, I have also always gone to church, my grandparents are all very religious people and believe most of what the bible has to offer. I have†¦show more content†¦As soon as I found time, I got reading, exploring the arguments for and against evolution that Bill Nye, my childhood idol was seeing. As each chapter passed I grew more skeptical as to what was correct; I though t evolution was a factual science? I soon asked my mom what she believed about the controversy and got an answer that made perfect sense to me, but that I had never heard before. She said that she â€Å"sees the bible as a guide to life and how the earth was made, that evolution is a valid science, but God guided it and altered it as necessary.† This was when I knew that I wanted to explore the debate further, and the assignment of this paper, is the perfect opportunity. The largest controversy that I have found while exploring the issue of creation versus evolution is what should or should not be taught to children hearing about either side for the first time. On one hand, â€Å"Personal faith is the basic element in†¦ mental health,† and creationists believe that teaching evolution, the scientific alternative, can interfere with their beliefs, thus producing a detrimental effect on mental health. (Howell 13). However, the sciences of genetics and inheritance ha ve been backed up with evidence, tested heavily and shown as factual (______). In The Great Non-Problem of Evolution vs. Creationism, the author states that evolution is